Duties of Care

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Critical Legal Warning

Operating a platform that collects reports of serious crimes, particularly those involving children, creates significant legal obligations under UK law. Failure to meet these duties of care can result in criminal liability, civil lawsuits, and harm to vulnerable individuals.

This page outlines the minimum legal requirements. Standard web development practices and basic contact forms are wholly inadequate for this type of work.

What Is Duty of Care?

Legal Definition

Duty of care is a legal obligation requiring individuals and organisations to adhere to a standard of reasonable care whilst performing acts that could foreseeably harm others. When handling reports of serious crimes, this duty becomes particularly stringent.

Established in Donoghue v Stevenson (1932), the test is whether you owe a duty to persons who are so closely and directly affected by your actions that you ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being affected when directing your mind to the acts in question.

In the Context of Crime Reporting

When you invite people to report serious crimes, you create a relationship of trust and reliance. Victims become vulnerable to your actions and decisions. This establishes clear legal duties to:

  • • Protect their data and identity
  • • Act appropriately on reports of ongoing harm
  • • Provide trauma-informed support
  • • Follow mandatory reporting requirements
  • • Maintain professional standards

Key UK Legislation

Children Act 1989

Section 47

Requires organisations to investigate and act on suspected child harm. If you receive reports suggesting a child is suffering or likely to suffer significant harm, you have statutory duties to act.

Criminal penalties for non-compliance

Children Act 2004

Section 11

Mandates arrangements to safeguard and promote child welfare. Organisations handling child abuse reports must have proper safeguarding policies and procedures in place.

Regulatory action for failures

Care Act 2014

Section 42

Extends safeguarding duties to vulnerable adults. Covers adult victims of trafficking, abuse, or those with care and support needs who are at risk of harm.

Civil liability for negligence

Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003

Section 5B

Mandates reporting of FGM in under-18s by professionals. Failure to report when legally required carries penalties up to 7 years imprisonment.

Up to 7 years imprisonment

Modern Slavery Act 2015

Section 52

Requires notification to the Home Office or police for suspected trafficking cases. Creates duty to report suspected modern slavery offences.

Criminal and civil penalties

Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006

DBS Requirements

Mandates DBS checks for individuals in regulated activities involving children or vulnerable adults. Staff handling abuse reports require vetting.

Criminal offence to operate without checks

Data Protection Duties

UK GDPR Requirements

Article 30 - Records of Processing

Must disclose hosting locations, third-party processors, and data flows. Failure to document processing activities risks ICO enforcement.

Article 35 - Data Protection Impact Assessment

Mandatory for high-risk processing like sensitive criminal data. Must assess and mitigate privacy risks.

Chapter V - International Transfers

Requires safeguards for data transfers outside UK/EEA. Critical if using US hosting or platforms like Typeform.

Financial Penalties

£17.5M
or 4% of annual turnover

Maximum ICO fines for GDPR breaches involving sensitive data

Common Violations
  • • Undisclosed international data transfers
  • • No Data Protection Impact Assessment
  • • Inadequate processor agreements
  • • Lack of technical safeguards

Professional Standards Required

Designated Safeguarding Lead (DSL)

Legal requirement under Working Together to Safeguard Children (2023). Must be appropriately trained and have clear authority to make safeguarding decisions.

Required Training
Multi-agency safeguarding, trauma-informed care, risk assessment
Legal Authority
Power to escalate to police, social services, and support agencies

Staff Vetting and Training

All personnel handling sensitive disclosures must undergo appropriate checks and training as required by the Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006.

DBS Checks
Enhanced DBS for staff handling child abuse reports
Trauma-Informed Training
NICE Guideline NG116 compliance to avoid re-traumatisation

Key Legal Precedents

Duty of Care Established

Donoghue v Stevenson [1932]

Established the neighbour principle - duty to avoid acts likely to injure those you can reasonably foresee would be affected.

Three-Stage Test

Caparo Industries v Dickman [1990]

Three-stage test: foreseeability, proximity, and whether it's fair and reasonable to impose a duty.

Safeguarding Failures

JD v East Berkshire [2005]

Local authorities owe duty of care to children in their area. Failure to investigate suspected abuse can result in liability.

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